A systematic look at how archaeology, genetics, linguistics, and disease ecology would all have to fail for substantial Old World settlement in pre-Columbian America to be real.
How Wrong Would We Have to Be About Old World Contact?
Pseudoarchaeology - Research Articles
If the Stones Were True: How One Proven ‘Hoax’ Would Rewrite American Prehistory
A counterfactual: what would change if even one ‘hoax’ artifact like the Bat Creek Stone or Newark Decalogue were proven genuinely Old World and pre-Columbian?
Romans in Tucson? Steelmanning the Tucson Artifacts
A critical but sympathetic reconstruction of the strongest case for the Tucson lead crosses as evidence of a medieval Old World colony in Arizona.
Phoenicians in the Americas: A Chronological Analysis of a Controversial Theory
A comprehensive historical analysis of claims that Phoenician sailors reached the Americas before Columbus, examining evidence and scholarly debate from classical antiquity to modern times.