Survey of the swastika’s ancient global presence and theories (diffusion vs. independent invention) explaining its origins and spread.
Archaeology - Research Articles
Phoenicians in the Americas: A Chronological Analysis of a Controversial Theory
A comprehensive historical analysis of claims that Phoenician sailors reached the Americas before Columbus, examining evidence and scholarly debate from classical antiquity to modern times.
The Australian Dreamtime and the Symbolic Revolution: Indigenous Evidence for Late Consciousness?
Comparison of the early Holocene emergence of the Aboriginal Dreamtime symbolic system with the Near East’s Neolithic ‘revolution of symbols,’ examining Australian rock art, technology, exchange networks, language diffusion, and cognitive impacts.
Pre-Columbian Trans-Oceanic Contact: Current Knowledge and Debate
A comprehensive analysis of evidence and scholarly debate surrounding pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact between the Americas and Old World civilizations.
Earliest Complex Tools of the Genus Homo
A comprehensive survey of the earliest complex tools made by early humans, from hafted axes and spears to bows, woodworking implements, and symbolic artifacts, examining archaeological evidence and scholarly debates.
Earliest Known Musical Instruments (Archaeological Evidence)
A comprehensive survey of the world’s earliest known musical instruments from archaeological evidence, including Paleolithic bone flutes, ancient drums, bullroarers, and the first stringed instruments.